Lincoln

The Smoke Signal, Ellis Burman, 1934-1935
We have many ways to communicate in the 21st century. How did people send messages before the internet, radio, or television? This is a sculpture of Chief Red Cloud fanning a campfire with a cloth. One way Native Americans communicated over long distances was smoke signals. In Africa, some people use drums and systems of beats to communicate long distances. Can you think of other forms of long distance communication that don't use electricity?